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Viruses are known to develop and evolve throughout time as they travel from person to person. Variants are created when the modifications become considerably distinct from the original virus. Scientists trace the genetic material of viruses (a process called as sequencing) and then search for changes between them to determine whether they have altered to find variants.

Variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which produces COVID-19, have arisen and been discovered in numerous nations throughout the world since the virus's global dissemination.

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If a variant has mutations that are believed or confirmed to cause major alterations and is widely distributed, it is termed a variant of interest (e.g., known to cause many clusters of infected people, or found in many countries). Many variations of interest are being monitored by WHO in case they develop into variants of concern.

If a variant of interest is known to spread more easily, produce more severe disease, evade the immune system, modify clinical presentation, or reduce the efficiency of established instruments – such as public health initiatives, diagnostics, therapies, and vaccinations – it becomes a variant of concern.

In May of 2021, WHO began using the Greek alphabet to discuss variants in the media and with the general public, in order to make it easier for people to keep track of variants without having to link their names to the places where they were first identified, as variants can appear anywhere at any time.

Some letters may not be used if they cause confusion in major languages or stigmatise specific populations, according to WHO best standards for naming new illnesses. The current scientific names of the variations, which provide vital scientific information to researchers and scientists, are not replaced by these WHO designations.

On November 24, 2021, WHO received the first report of the Omicron variation, variant B.1.1.529, and on November 26, 2021, WHO designated it as a variant of concern. The categorization was decided on the suggestion of the Technical Advisory Group on Virus Evolution, based on evidence from South Africa indicating the variation contains a significant number of mutations and has resulted in a negative shift in COVID-19 epidemiology.

Every variety is unique. The Omicron variation has a huge number of mutations, which might suggest that it behaves differently from other circulating variants.

There is very little information on Omicron as of December 1, 2021. Studies are being conducted to see if the virus's ability to spread or the severity of the sickness it causes has changed, and if this has had an influence on preventative measures.

It will likely take some years before clear data is available to identify whether Omicron transmission differs from other variations, how the variant reacts to current therapies, or whether infection or re-infection with Omicron produces more or less severe illness.

WHO is collaborating with technical partners to better understand the influence of Omicron on vaccination efficacy. The Delta form is currently the most common in the world, and COVID-19 vaccinations are very effective at preventing you from serious disease and death, including from Delta infection. Researchers will evaluate the effectiveness of existing Omicron vaccinations and report their findings as soon as they are available.